The water scarcity crisis in Iran is the result of the interaction between arid and semi-arid climates, the persistence of droughts and climate change, population growth and rising water demand, inappropriate location and development of economic activities, inefficient water allocation and consumption patterns, and low levels of technology and productivity in production and consumption. The tangible consequence of this situation is the imbalance between water resources and demands, leading to economic, social, and even political repercussions at both national and local levels. Meanwhile, the agricultural sector, due to its very high share in water consumption, the expansion of cultivated areas, and the conversion of rain-fed lands into irrigated ones, plays a determining role in exacerbating water stress—especially under conditions where irrigation infrastructure is outdated and inefficient, and the over-extraction of underground resources persists. These conditions lead to quantitative and qualitative declines in production, a drop in farmers' incomes, a reduction in rural job opportunities, migration, and the exacerbation of poverty and inequality, ultimately driving the agricultural structure toward land abandonment or changes in land use. Proposed strategies to mitigate the crisis include reforming production methods through the development of greenhouse cultivation, reducing agricultural waste and water loss, revising crop trade patterns based on "virtual water," regulating and controlling water demand, modifying cropping patterns toward low-water-consuming crops, enhancing irrigation technology and efficiency, promoting a culture of water resource management, and fostering cross-sectoral coordination and regional planning.