The 2025 budget bill, serving as the financial document for the second year of the Seventh Development Plan, has been formulated with the aim of increasing transparency and comprehensiveness as well as moving toward budgetary reforms, yet it still suffers from the continuation of past inefficient structures. The composition of budgetary resources indicates that the government relies on three main sources—taxes, oil and asset sales, and the issuance of bonds—and covers a significant budget deficit through withdrawals from the National Development Fund and borrowing. Under these conditions, expenditure growth has outpaced revenue growth, and the share of current expenditures remains dominant over capital investments; an issue that undermines long-term growth capacity and economic stability. At the macro level, persistent high inflation, currency gaps, declining per capita income, and rising income inequality demonstrate that the stabilizing function of the budget faces serious limitations. From an institutional perspective, budgeting remains based on cost estimations and top-down decision-making, while the absence of a full-cost accounting system and the conversion of notes into executive decrees have reduced transparency and accountability. Remedial recommendations emphasize reducing oil dependence through tax system reforms, controlling non-essential expenditures, strengthening performance-based budgeting, enhancing public transparency, increasing infrastructural investment, debt management, and directing resources toward social justice and sustainable development.